Yangdong Village of Wolseong or Yangdong Folk Village is a traditional village from the Joseon Dynasty. The village is located in Gandong, sixteen kilometers northeast of Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea and lies along the Hyeongsang River. Mt. Seolchang stands to the north of the village. The village is designated as Important Folklore Materials No. 189 by the South Korean government. [1]. Prince Charles visited Yangdong in 1993.
The size, degree of preservation, numerous cultural assets, traditionalism, beautiful natural setting all contribute to the importance of Yangdong Village. It is also a fine example of the yangbang (Korean aristocracy) lifestyle and Neo-Confucian traditions.
The village was founded by Son So. The household of the Wolseong Son clan was placed on an auspicious site according to Korean theories of pungsu (geomancy). Son So and his wife, the daughter of Yu Bok Ha had a daughter who married Yi Beon of the Yeogang Yi family. The marriage produced one of the eighteen sages of Korea, Yi Un-jeok. The village of Yangdon has continued since its auspicious beginning in the 15th century.
Although some of the village is unoccupied today, the overall the village has over 160 tile-roofed and thatched-roof homes built throughout the dense forest. Fifty-four historic homes over 200 years old have also been preserved. The village preserves folk customs as well as traditional buildings of traditional Joseon Dynasty architecture. Seobaekodang is the primary home of the Wolseong Son Family. Mucheomdang, is the primary house of the Yeogang Yi family (Treasure No. 411). [2]. Hyangdan is National Treasure No. 412. [3]. Ihayangjeon and Simsujeong pavilions, and the Ganghakdang village school are also notable structures of the village as well as Gwangajeong (Treasure No. 442) [4] and Sonsoyeongjeong (Treasure No. 1216) [5]. Tonggamsokpyeon, a book printed on movable metal type and National Treasure No. 283, is also held at the village. [6].
Important Folk Materials at the village include: Seobaekdang (No. 23), Nakseondang (No. 73) [7], Sahodang (No. 74) [8], Sangchunheon (No. 75) [9], Geunam Manor (No. 76) [10], Dugok Manor (No. 77) [11], Sujoldang (No. 78) [12], Ihyangjeong (No. 79) [13], Suunjeong (No.80) [14], Simsujeong (No. 81) [15], Allakjeong (No. 82) [16], and Ganghakdang (No. 83) [17].
Other Cultural Properties include: Jeokgae Gongsin Nonsang Rokgwan (Tangible Cultural Property No. 13), Sonso’s Will (Tangible Cultural Property No. 14), Pine Tree in Yangdong (Monuments No. 8) [18], Daeseongheon (Folk Material No. 34) [19], Son Jong-ro Jeongchungbigak (Cultural Asset Material No. 261), Gyeongsan Seodang (Folk Cultural Asset Material), Dugok Yeongdang (Folk Cultural Asset Material).
The village follows the topography of the mountains and valleys and is shaped like an auspicious Hanja character. This arrangement has been carefully preserved. The homes of the Wolseong Son and Yeogang Yu clans, as well as their descendants' homes are located on the high ground of the mountains and valleys. The lower class homes, characterized by their thatched roofs were built on lower ground. The village's organization highlights the severe social stratification characteristic of Joseon Dynasty society.
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